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TURKEY
Turkey is a country located at a point where the three
continents of the old world (Asia, Africa, and Europe)
are closest to each other and where Asia and Europe meet.
Because of its geographical location, Turkey has always
been important throughout history and is the birthplace
of many great civilizations.
Geography
A spectacular country surrounded by sea on three sides.
More than 300 natural and 130 artificial lakes, almost
35% of its lands covered by forests and mountains,
several rivers crossing beaches to reach the seas make
the country even more attractive. Turkey's land mass is
814,578 sq km. The European and Asian sides are divided
by the Bosphorus (Istanbul Bogazi), the Propontis (Sea
of Marmara), and the Dardanelles (Canakkale Bogazi).
Anatolia (Asia Minor as the Roman's called it) is a high
plateau region rising progressively towards the east,
broken up by the valleys of about 15 rivers, including
the Dicle (Tigris) and the Firat (Euphrates). There are
numerous lakes and some, such as Lake Van, are as large
as inland seas. In the north, the eastern Black Sea
Mountain chain runs parallel to the Black Sea; in the
south, the Taurus Mountains sweep down almost to the
narrow, fertile coastal plain along the coast. Turkey
enjoys a variety of climates, ranging from the temperate
climate of the Black Sea region, to the continental
climate of the interior, then, to the Mediterranean
climate of the Aegean and Mediterranean coastal regions.
The coastline of Turkey's four seas is more than 8,333
km long.
Wild Life
The wild life of Turkey consists of 120 species of
mammals, 439 of birds and 345 of fish. Wolf, fox,
wildcat, lynx, marten, hyena, bear, deer, gazelle, boar,
beaver, turtles and tortoises are still found in the
land. There are 7 species of sea turtles in the world, 2
of these are living in the Mediterranean basin - caretta
caretta and green turtle known as Chelonia Mydas. Sea
turtles nest on some of the sandy beaches of the
Mediterranean.
History
ANATOLIA ‘‘the land, where the sun rises from''
Turkey has been called "the cradle of civilization" and
by travelling through this historic land, tourists will
discover exactly what is meant by this phrase. The first
town ever settled in the world with comparatively modern
organisational systems such as agriculture, animal
husbandry and trading was a Neolithic city Catalhoyuk,
in central Turkey, dating back to 6,500 BC. From the
days of Catalhoyuk up to the present, Turkey boasts a
rich culture that, through the centuries, has made a
lasting impression on modern civilization. The legacy of
all those admirable cultures makes Turkey a paradise of
information and cultural wealth. Hattis, Hittites,
Carians, Lelegians Phrygians, Urartians, Lycians,
Lydians, Ionians, Dorians, Aeolians, Persians,
Macedonians, Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks, and Ottomans
have all made important contributions to Anatolian
history and ancient sites and ruins scattered throughout
the country give proof of each civilization's unique
distinction. When you travel by car, within half an hour
you come across an ancient town remaining from those
civilizations. Even then, this fascinating country was
respected by those ancient peoples, therefore it was
named ANATOLIA, which means in ancient Greek, '' The
land, where the sun rises from '' as many vital initial
ideas came into existence from her fertile lap. No doubt,
people have always been proud to breathe in the various
cultures, customs and traditions combined in this
amazing peninsula and now once again it has started to
offer hospitality to new cultures & people who deserve
to discover these friendly and fertile lands by
introducing a new law permitting foreigners to buy
houses.
Turkey also has a very fascinating recent history. Upon
the decline of the Ottoman Empire, a young man named
Mustafa Kemal, who was a soldier by occupation but, in
character, a great visionary, took the defeat of World
War I and turned it into a shining victory by liberating
Turkey from all foreign invaders. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
founded the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923. He
led his country into peace and stability with tremendous
economic growth and complete modernisation. Through
decades of change and growth, Turkey still boasts of
this success, living by its adopted motto of
"Peace at Home, Peace in the World."
Population
According to the 2000 census, Turkey has 68 million
inhabitants, 41% of whom live in the countryside. The
major cities are: Istanbul (10m); Ankara, the capital
(4m); Izmir (3.4m); Bursa (2.1m); Adana (1.8m); and
Antalya (1.7m).
Language
The Turkish language belongs to the Ural-Altaic
group and has an affinity with the Finno-Hungarian
languages. Turkish is one of the ancient languages
spoken before 1000 BC by the nomadic tribes and a
written alphabet was produced around AD 7. Throughout
history, the language has been influenced slightly by
some other languages and different dialects appeared.
Modern Turkish is written with the Latin alphabet and is
spoken by some 150 million people around the world.
Religion
Although 99% of Turkish people are Moslem, Turkey is a
secular state that guarantees complete freedom of
worship to non-Moslems. There are adequate numbers of
churches and synagogues serving their communities
especially in the big cities where the majority of non-Moslems
live.
Economy
Tourism: In recent years, Turkey has become a
major tourist destination in Europe. With the rapid
development of both summer and winter resorts, more and
more people from around the world are able to enjoy the
history, culture, and beautiful sites of Turkey.
Swimming in the Mediterranean or skiing in Uludag,
Turkey has something to offer every tourist.
Agriculture: This plays a very important role in
the Turkish economy. The main crops are wheat, rice,
cotton, tea, tobacco, hazelnuts, and fruit. Sheep are
Turkey's most important livestock and Turkey is one of
the major cotton and wool producers.
Natural resources: The principal minerals
extracted are coal, chrome (an important export), iron,
copper, bauxite, marble and sulphur.
Industry: Industry is developing rapidly and is directed
mainly towards the processing of agricultural products,
metallurgy, textiles and the manufacture of automobiles
and agricultural machinery.
Political Structure:
The Turkish Republic is based on a secular, democratic,
pluralistic and parliamentary system where human rights
are protected by law and social justice. The National
Assembly is elected by popular vote and the nation is
governed by the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime
Minister. Turkey is a founding member of OECD, the Black
Sea Economic Cooperation Organization, a member of NATO,
the European Council and the European Parliament, and an
associate member of the European Union.
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